Tunneling projects are implemented over a relatively long time due to the limited work environment. In this case, project management and implementation optimization are very important. Various methods can be used to control and manage the project. Network methods are one of the effective methods. . The CPM and PERT methods are the most commonly used. The GERT method is also one of the most efficient networking methods and can be used for situations where there are potential activities in addition to time. Due to the complexity of the operation and also the unknown geological conditions in the tunneling, in addition to the uncertain timing of some activities, not all activities are necessarily definitive and some activities will not be performed depending on the conditions in each project. Therefore, in this study the used of GERT method in tunneling has been investigated and an example is shown for its used. In this example, first different tunneling operations are outlined for the project of constructing a large cross-section tunnel. Then, according to the type of each activity, the likelihood of execution and the time interval of execution are defined. Due to the technical and operational conditions, the relationship between activities based on the GERT network was shown. The method of network Analysis was expressed in both manual and software. A numerical example was implemented using Risk Analysis Primavera software and different completion times were obtained for different project percentages. Conversely, the corresponding probability times can also be set for different predicted times. The project execution time is 2981 days with 50% probability and 3082 days with 80% probability.

The world is embroiled in a pandemic of a new coronavirus at the end of 2019 and early in 2020, with such a large scale that it has severely involved the political, economic, and social systems in most countries around the world. The scale of the crisis is so widespread that many experts believe that the post-corona world will be substantially different from the pre-corona world. In the face of this massive epidemic, how people perceive Risk and how to Risk is communicated, plays a central role in deciding and choosing people's behavior. Fighting with this emerging phenomenon requires mobilizing all the possibilities of society and helping all people in the field of empathy and altruism. In this article, we briefly review aspects of the important concept of Risk perception and communication in this pervasive crisis.

Purpose: The flourishing of political parties and currents is one of the signs of the degree of development in societies. In contemporary Iran and since the formation of the constitutional movement, political currents have gone through many ups and downs and it can be said that political currents in Iran after the Islamic Revolution have not yet reached the stage of institutionalization and stability. A characteristic feature of political currents in Iran is the divergence and division among political currents in recent decades, and this can be one of the reasons for the instability and cross-sectional and seasonal activity of political parties in Iran. Therefore, the necessity of leading research seeks to answer the question of how factors and divergence among political currents in Iran after the victory of the Islamic Revolution can be analyzed? And what are the scenarios for the advancement of political currents in Iran?Method: To answer this question, the method of causal-layer Analysis, which is one of the qualitative methods in futures research, has been used.Findings: The research findings indicate that this divergence is due to a wide range of reasons from the level of causal systems (from the institutionalization of power to the formation of parties as elitist initiatives), worldview and discourse (from charismatic political authority to culture). Subsidiary-follower politics to myth-metaphor (Iranian individualism to belief in a strong state-weak society) can be analyzed.Conclusions: Three scenarios for the future of Iranian political currents can be considered: integration of currents as the security valve of the political system, the collapse of political currents in the traditional form, integration and consolidation in new social movements (virtualized parties).

In this paper, a novel Risk-based, two-objective (technical and economical) optimal reactive power dispatch method in a wind-integrated power system is proposed which is more consistent with operational criteria.  The technical objective includes the minimization of the new voltage instability Risk index. The economical objective includes cost minimization of reactive power generation and active power loss. The proposed voltage instability Risk employs a hybrid possibilistic (Delphi-Fuzzy)-probabilistic approach that takes into consideration the operator’s experience, the wind speed and demand forecast uncertainties when quantifying the Risk index. The decision variables are the reactive power resources of the system. To solve the problem, the modified multi-objective particle swarm optimization algorithm with sine and cosine acceleration coefficients is utilized. The method is implemented on the modified IEEE 30-bus system. The proposed method is compared with those in the previously published literature, and the results confirm that the proposed Risk index is better at estimating the voltage instability Risk of the system, especially in cases with severe impact and low probability. In addition, according to the simulation results compared to typical security-based planning, the proposed Risk-based planning may increase the security and economy of the system due to better utilization of system resources.

In the past two decades caries Risk prediction has been and important subject for investigators. Caries Risk assessment is an effective method for the prediction of future caries. By CRA the high-Risk groups are determined. Then the prevention programs in relation to high-Risk groups, be perform. This article is the results of a research project which has been performed by the author in Tehran. 218 primary school children (7 years old) have participated in this study. They have been examined for caries Risk factors in three stages: 1- By a questionnaire for personal and socio demographic information. 2- Bite wing radiography to diagnosis the incipient proximal caries. 3- Dental examination of the student. Results of the research showed 34 person (15.6%) were high-Risk, 63 person were low-Risk and 121 person (55.5%) were moderate Risk. Some of the caries Risk factor have been also evaluated.

Recognition and understanding the genetic control of traits, combining ability and genetic structure are directly related to the success of breeding programs. For this purpose, a 7 × 7 one-way diallel design was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The measured traits were included plant height, height to the first capsule, number of days to 50% and 90% of flowering, number of capsules per plant, number of seeds per capsule, number of days to physiological ripening, number of branches, leaves number and length, 1000-seeds weight, capsule weight, length and width, chlorophyll a, b and total chlorophyll, biological andeconomic yields, harvest index, oil and protein percentage. Analysis of variance showed that there was a significant difference between genotypes and diallel Analysis showed that the additive variance of all traits and dominant variance of all traits except height to the first fruit-bearing capsule were significant. The oltan cultivar was the best and Ardestan genotype was the worst genotype in terms of general combining ability. Sabzevar×TS-3 and Sirjan×Fars were the best hybrids in most traits. The general heritability was between 0.90 to 0.96 for biologic yield and number of branches, respectively and narrow heritability was between 0.36 to 0.91 for the number of branches and harvest index, respectively. The Analysis of variance by Hayman method confirmed the results of Griffing Analysis.

As the most complex manufactured structures, cities face excessive population growth. Their expansion has intensified on high-Risk sites, and the available evidence also indicates the continuous increase of all types of natural crises in terms of intensity and frequency. Scientific and experimental findings show that the best way to deal with danger is to promote the resilience of settlements in different dimensions (social, economic-livelihood, physical-spatial and institutional); in other words, resilience in both human and environmental dimensions comprehensively. It decreases and increases. This research has evaluated and analyzed the components of resilience in Sari. The method of the present study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical and field in nature. The statistical population in this research includes citizens living in the four districts of Sari, and the sample size was determined based on Cochran's formula of 383 people, who were selected from among the statistical population by stratified sampling. The questionnaire is the method of collecting library and field information and its most important tool. For data Analysis, descriptive and inferential statistics (one-sample t-test and structural equation modeling) were used by SPSS and Smart PLS software, and entropy and SAW models were exerted. The research results indicate that the situation of the four regions of Sari regarding social components has better conditions than other dimensions of resilience. In terms of institutional components, they have a vulnerable state. According to the entropy model, among the components of resilience, the institutional dimension has the most weight, and the economic dimension has the least weight. Moreover, according to the SAV model, Region 1 ranks first, and Region 3 of Sari ranks last in having the components of resilience dimensions.